Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 10, Issue 25, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202000213
Keywords
grain growth; heavily proton- and Sc-doped barium zirconate (HSBZ); high tolerance against CO; (2); high total proton conductivity; proton trapping; proton-conducting oxides
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Funding
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) [JPMJCR18J3]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [JP15H02287, JP16H06124, JP18H01694]
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The environmental benefits of fuel cells and electrolyzers have become increasingly recognized in recent years. Fuel cells and electrolyzers that can operate at intermediate temperatures (300-450 degrees C) require, in principle, neither the precious metal catalysts that are typically used in polymer-electrolyte-membrane systems nor the costly heat-resistant alloys used in balance-of-plant components of high-temperature solid oxide electrochemical cells. These devices require an electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, typically more than 0.01 S cm(-1), and high chemical stability. To date, however, high ionic conductivities have been found in chemically unstable materials such as CsH2PO4, In-doped SnP2O7, BaH2, and LaH3-2xOx. Here, fast and stable proton conduction in 60-at% Sc-doped barium zirconate polycrystal, with a total conductivity of 0.01 S cm(-1) at 396 degrees C for 200 h is demonstrated. Heavy doping of Sc in barium zirconate simultaneously enhances the proton concentration, bulk proton diffusivity, specific grain boundary conductivity, and grain growth. An accelerated stability test under a highly concentrated and humidified CO2 stream using in situ X-ray diffraction shows that the perovskite phase is stable over 240 h at 400 degrees C under 0.98 atm of CO2. These results show great promises as an electrolyte in solid-state electrochemical devices operated at intermediate temperatures.
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