Journal
ULTRAMICROSCOPY
Volume 212, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.112973
Keywords
Skyrmion; Lorentz TEM; Phase contrast; Magnetic imaging
Categories
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) via SPP2137
- European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) [17FUN08]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC-2111 390814868]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11574018, 61627813]
- International Collaboration Project [B16001]
- National Key Technology Program of China [2017ZX01032101]
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Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for future storage devices with a large data density. A great variety of materials have been found that host skyrmions up to the room-temperature regime. Lorentz microscopy, usually performed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), is one of the most important tools for characterizing skyrmion samples in real space. Using numerical calculations, this work relates the phase contrast in a TEM to the actual magnetization profile of an isolated Neel or Bloch skyrmion, the two most common skyrmion types. Within the framework of the used skyrmion model, the results are independent of skyrmion size and wall width and scale with sample thickness for purely magnetic specimens. Simple rules are provided to extract the actual skyrmion configuration of pure Bloch or Neel skyrmions without the need of simulations. Furthermore, first differential phase contrast (DPC) measurements on Neel skyrmions that meet experimental expectations are presented and showcase the described principles. The work is relevant for material sciences where it enables the engineering of skyrmion profiles via convenient characterization.
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