Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 5, Pages 406-420Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.003
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Funding
- Leiden University Medical Center
- Dutch Cancer Society Bas Mulder Award [11056]
- Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands
- Support Casper campaign by the Dutch foundation 'Overleven met Alvleesklierkanker'
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In cancer immunotherapy, a patient's own immune system is harnessed against cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors release the brakes on tumor-reactive T cells and, therefore, are particularly effective in treating certain immune-infiltrated solid tumors. By contrast, solid tumors with immune-silent profiles show limited efficacy of checkpoint blockers due to several barriers. Recent discoveries highlight transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced immune exclusion and a lack of immunogenicity as examples of these barriers. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical evidence that illustrates how the inhibition of TGF-beta signaling and the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) can increase the efficacy of immunotherapy, and discuss the promise and challenges of combining these approaches with immune checkpoint blockade.
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