Rapid and sensitive identification of uropathogenic Escherichia coli using a surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering-based biochip

Rapid, selective and sensitive sensing of bacteria remains challenging. We report on a highly sensitive and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based sensing approach for the detection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in urine. The assay is based on the specific capture of the bacteria followed by interaction with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilised gold nanorods (Au NRS) as SERS markers. High sensitivity up to 10 CFU mL(-1) is achieved by optimizing the capture interface based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon a-Si:H thin films. The integration of CH3O-PEG750 onto a-Si:H gives the sensing interface an efficient anti-fouling character, while covalent linkage of antibodies directed against the major type-1 fimbrial pilin FimA of the human pathogen E. coli results in the specific trapping of fimbriated E. coli onto the SERS substrate and their spectral fingerprint identification.