Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 368, Issue 6492, Pages 729-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9514
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Funding
- Simons Foundation [SCOPE-329108, 545171]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- NSF [1503614, 1559165, 1437458]
- Directorate For Geosciences [1559165, 1503614] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences [1559165] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Ocean Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1437458] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1503614] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Nitrogen fixation, the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen gas (N-2) to ammonia, is critical for biological productivity but is difficult to study in the vast expanse of the global ocean. Decades of field studies and the infusion of molecular biological, genomic, isotopic, and geochemical modeling approaches have led to new paradigms and questions. The discovery of previously unknown N-2-fixing (diazotrophic) microorganisms and unusual physiological adaptations, combined with diagnostic distributions of nutrients and their isotopes as well as measured and modeled biogeographic patterns, have revolutionized our understanding of marine N-2 fixation and its role in the global nitrogen cycle. Anthropogenic upper-ocean warming, increased dissolved carbon dioxide, and acidification will affect the distribution and relative importance of specific subgroups of N-2 fixers in the sea; these changes have implications for foodwebs and biogeochemical cycles.
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