Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 368, Issue 6487, Pages 194-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aba1135
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Funding
- Leakey Foundation
- Keck School of Medicine of USC
- U.S. National ScienceFoundation [BCS-1231288]
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Phylogenetic evidence suggests that platyrrhine (or New World) monkeys and caviomorph rodents of the Western Hemisphere derive from source groups from the Eocene of Afro-Arabia, a landmass that was similar to 1500 to 2000 kilometers east of South America during the late Paleogene. Here, we report evidence for a third mammalian lineage of African origin in the Paleogene of South America-a newly discovered genus and species of parapithecid anthropoid primate from Santa Rosa in Amazonian Per. Bayesian clock-based phylogenetic analysis nests this genus (Ucayalipithecus) deep within the otherwise Afro-Arabian clade Parapithecoidea and indicates that transatlantic rafting of the lineage leading to Ucayalipithecus likely took place between -35 and -32 million years ago, a dispersal window that includes the major worldwide drop insea level that occurred near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.
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