Journal
RNA BIOLOGY
Volume 17, Issue 8, Pages 1196-1213Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1737442
Keywords
Transfer RNA fragments; ribosomal RNA fragments; tRFs; rRFs; tRNA cleavage; stress-induced tRNA cleavage; translation initiation; immune system; cancer
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Funding
- Programa de Apoyo a Planes Estrategicos de Investigacion de Estructuras de Investigacion de Excelencia - Castilla-Leon autonomous government
- European Regional Development Fund [CLC-2017-01]
- Scientific Foundation AECC (Spanish Association Against Cancer) PhD fellowship [PRDSA19002LOPE]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation (MINECO)
- Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)
- European Development Regional Fund (FEDER) [SAF2016-78667-R]
- Scientific Foundation AECC [LABAE19040BLAN]
- University of Salamanca [FS/212018]
- Fundacion Memoria de Samuel Solorzano Barruso [FS/212018]
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The term small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refers to all those RNAs that even without encoding for a protein, can play important functional roles. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA-derived fragments (tRFs and rRFs, respectively) are an emerging class of ncRNAs originally considered as simple degradation products, which though play important roles in stress responses, signalling, or gene expression. They control all levels of gene expression regulating transcription and translation and affecting RNA processing and maturation. They have been linked to pivotal cellular processes such as self-renewal, differentiation, and proliferation. For this reason, mis-regulation of this novel class of ncRNAs can lead to various pathological processes such as neurodegenerative and development diseases, metabolism and immune system disorders, and cancer. In this review, we summarise the classification, biogenesis, and functions of tRFs and rRFs with a special focus on their role in immunity and cancer.
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