Journal
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
Volume 91, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.5140321
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHI 431/21-1]
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A system providing an optical frequency with instability comparable to that of a hydrogen maser is presented. It consists of a 5 cm long, vertically oriented silicon optical resonator operated at temperatures between 1.5 K and 3.6 K in a closed-cycle cryostat with a low-temperature Joule-Thomson stage. We show that with a standard cryostat, a simple cryogenic optomechanical setup, and no active or passive vibration isolation, a minimum frequency instability of 2.5 x 10(-15) at tau = 1500 s integration time can be reached. The influence of pulse-tube vibrations was minimized by using a resonator designed for low acceleration sensitivity. With reduced optical laser power and interrogation duty cycle, an ultra-low fractional frequency drift of -2.6 x 10(-19)/s is reached. At 3.5 K, the resonator frequency exhibits a vanishing thermal sensitivity and an ultra-small temperature derivative 8.5 x 10(-12)/K-2. These are favorable properties that should lead to high performance also in simpler cryostats not equipped with a Joule-Thomson stage.
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