Electrocortical measures of performance monitoring from go/no-go and flanker tasks: Differential relations with trait dimensions of the triarchic model of psychopathy

This study examined associations of performance-monitoring event-related potentials (ERPs) from go/no-go and flanker tasks with one another, and with psychopathy-related traits of disinhibition, meanness, and boldness. A task-dependent relationship was evident between the error-related negativity (ERN) and trait disinhibition, with high-disinhibited participants showing reduced no-go ERN but not flanker ERN. Disinhibition was also inversely related to variants of the P3 and the error positivity (Pe) from these two tasks. A factor analysis of the ERPs revealed two distinct factors, one reflecting shared variance among the P3 and Pe measures from the two tasks, and the other covariance among the N2 and ERN measures. Scores on the P3/Pe factor, but not the N2/ERN factor, were inversely related to disinhibition, and accounted for associations of this trait with variants of the P3 and Pe across tasks. The implication is that high trait disinhibition relates mainly to reductions in brain responses associated with later elaborative stages in the processing of motivationally significant events across different tasks. Importantly, no-go ERN predicted disinhibition scores beyond N2/ERN factor scores, indicating that high disinhibition is not generally related to diminished early preresponse conflict and error processing, but rather to processing impairments in conditions calling for inhibition of prepotent response tendencies.