Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 117, Issue 24, Pages 13339-13349Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919921117
Keywords
graphene; nanowire; optical modulation; dorsal root ganglia neurons; spheroids
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Funding
- NSF [DMR-1555001, CBET1552833]
- Office of Naval Research [N000141712368]
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency [AWD00001593, 416052-5]
- Pew Latin American Fellowship
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Characterization Facility [MCF-677785]
- U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) [N000141712368] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
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The ability to modulate cellular electrophysiology is fundamental to the investigation of development, function, and disease. Currently, there is a need for remote, nongenetic, light-induced control of cellular activity in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) platforms. Here, we report a breakthrough hybrid nanomaterial for remote, nongenetic, photothermal stimu- lation of 2D and 3D neural cellular systems. We combine one- dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) and 2D graphene flakes grown out-of-plane for highly controlled photothermal stimulation at subcellular precision without the need for genetic modification, with laser energies lower than a hundred nanojoules, one to two orders of magnitude lower than Au-, C-, and Si-based nano-materials. Photothermal stimulation using NW-templated 3D fuzzy graphene (NT-3DFG) is flexible due to its broadband absorption and does not generate cellular stress. Therefore, it serves as a powerful toolset for studies of cell signaling within and between tissues and can enable therapeutic interventions.
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