Journal
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
Volume 13, Issue 12, Pages 1674-1684Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600118
Keywords
Echinops spinosissimus TURRA subsp spinosus; Acetylated sterols; Antibacterial activities; Antifungal activities; Physicochemical characteristics
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Tunisia
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The hexane extract of Echinops spinosissimus TURRA subsp. spinosus flower heads was analyzed for its fatty acid and sterol composition. Its physicochemical characteristics were also studied. The saponification, iodine and peroxide values were determined as 255 mg KOH/g, 42.57 g I-2/100 g and 110 m equiv. O-2/kg of oil, respectively. The oleic (C18:1; 61.14%), palmitic (C16:0; 21.36%) and linoleic (C18:2; 10.45%) acids were the dominant fatty acids. This extract was also found to contain high levels of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol (44.97% and 34.95% of total sterols, respectively). On the other hand, the identification of terpenoid compounds was investigated by using GC/MS, which revealed fourteen major terpenoids mainly taraxasterol, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, lup-22(29)-en-3-yl acetate, taraxasteryl acetate, alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, pseudotaraxasteryl acetate, hop-20(29)-en3-beta-ol, alpha-amirenone, along with beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Moreover, we have evaluated the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the unsaponifiable matter and a fraction isolated from this extract. These activities were conducted using the diffusion disc methods and broth microdilution assay. The resulted fraction from this extract showed the highest antibacterial activity with significant minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values 125.0 mu g/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus. However, it did exhibit no substantial antifungal activity.
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