4.8 Article

Redox Regulation of the NOR Transcription Factor Is Involved in the Regulation of Fruit Ripening in Tomato1

Journal

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 183, Issue 2, Pages 671-685

Publisher

AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00070

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Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [31830070, 31871856, 31772041, 31770726]
  2. Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou [201804020041, 201904010014]

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Transcription factors (TFs) are important regulators of plant growth and development and responses to stresses. TFs themselves are also prone to multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs). However, redox-mediated PTM of TFs in plants remains poorly understood. Here, we established that NON-RIPENING (NOR), a master TF regulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, is a target of the Met sulfoxide reductases A and B, namely E4 and SlMsrB2, respectively, in tomato. Met oxidation in NOR, i.e. sulfoxidation, or mimicking sulfoxidation by mutating Met-138 to Gln, reduces its DNA-binding capacity and transcriptional regulatory activity in vitro. E4 and SlMsrB2 partially repair oxidized NOR and restore its DNA-binding capacity. Transgenic complementation of thenormutant with NOR partially rescues the ripening defects. However, transformation ofnorwith NOR-M138Q, containing mimicked Met sulfoxidation, inhibits restoration of the fruit ripening phenotype, and this is associated with the decreased DNA-binding and transcriptional activation of a number of ripening-related genes. Taken together, these observations reveal a PTM mechanism by which Msr-mediated redox modification of NOR regulates the expression of ripening-related genes, thereby influencing tomato fruit ripening. Our report describes how sulfoxidation of TFs regulates developmental processes in plants. Sulfoxidation of NON-RIPENING transcription factor regulates tomato fruit ripening by decreasing its DNA binding capacity and transcriptional regulatory activity.

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