Journal
CHEMICAL SPECIATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY
Volume 28, Issue 1-4, Pages 72-77Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2016.1169560
Keywords
Lon selective electrode; potentiometry; carbon nanotube; graphene; laboratory medical device; electrochemical analysis
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There exist several positively and negatively charged electrolytes or ions in human blood, urine, and other body fluids. Tests that measure the concentration of these ions in clinics are performed using a more affordable, portable, and disposable potentiometric sensing method with few sample volumes, which requires the use of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and reference electrodes. This review summarily descriptively presents progressive developments and applications of ion selective electrodes in medical laboratory electrolytic ion tests, from conventional ISEs, solid-contact ISEs, carbon nanotube based ISEs, to graphene-based ISEs.
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