Journal
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
Volume 45, Issue 11, Pages 3039-3052Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00729a
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Funding
- Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) through the Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE) Programme
- Singapore National Research Foundation (NRF) through the Cambridge Centre for Carbon Reduction in Chemical Technology (C4T) CREATE Programme
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Water splitting driven by sunlight or renewable resource-derived electricity has attracted great attention for sustainable production of hydrogen from water. Current research interest in this field is focused on the development of earth-abundant photo- or electrocatalytic materials with high activity and long-term stability for hydrogen and/or oxygen evolution reactions. Due to their unique properties and characteristics, carbon and related carbon-based materials show great potential to replace some of the existing precious metal catalysts in water splitting technology. This tutorial review summarizes the recent significant progress in the fabrication and application of metal-free carbonaceous materials as photo- or electrocatalysts for water splitting. Synthetic strategies and applications of various carbonaceous materials, including graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as other forms of carbon-containing materials, for electrochemical or photochemical water splitting are presented, accompanied by a discussion of the key scientific issues and prospects for the future development of metal-free photo- and electrocatalysts.
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