Journal
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
Volume 15, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01379-8
Keywords
Tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency; BH4; Neurotransmitter; Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase deficiency; 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency; Sepiapterin reductase deficiency; pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase deficiency; Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency; Hyperphenylalaninemia; iNTD; Consensus guidelines; SIGN
Funding
- Dietmar Hopp Foundation, St. Leon-Rot, Germany
- NIHR Professorship
- Sir Jules Thorn Award for Biomedical Research
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Background Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiencies comprise a group of six rare neurometabolic disorders characterized by insufficient synthesis of the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin due to a disturbance of BH4 biosynthesis or recycling. Hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) is the first diagnostic hallmark for most BH4 deficiencies, apart from autosomal dominant guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I deficiency and sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Early supplementation of neurotransmitter precursors and where appropriate, treatment of HPA results in significant improvement of motor and cognitive function. Management approaches differ across the world and therefore these guidelines have been developed aiming to harmonize and optimize patient care. Representatives of the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter related Disorders (iNTD) developed the guidelines according to the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) methodology by evaluating all available evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of BH4 deficiencies. Conclusion Although the total body of evidence in the literature was mainly rated as low or very low, these consensus guidelines will help to harmonize clinical practice and to standardize and improve care for BH4 deficient patients.
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