Hybrid broadband optical modulator based on multi-layer graphene structure and silver nano-ribbons

In this paper, a broadband optical modulator based on plasmonic hybrid structures has been investigated that shows good performance in the wavelength range of 1300 to 1800 nm. The proposed modulator consists of Multi-layer graphene with two silver nano-ribbons and an h-BN dielectric layer embedded between the graphene layers. The presence of silver nano-ribbons has created a waveguide in the mid-structure. Our results show that strong coupling of surface plasmon polaritons to this waveguide increases the light interaction with graphene, improves the subwavelength confinement, and ultimately enhances the modulation effects of this proposed modulator. The proposed modulator shows a modulation depth of 17.55 dB/mu m with a loss of 1.47 dB/mu m at wavelength of 1.55 mu m.