Toroidal states in 28Si with covariant density functional theory in 3D lattice space

The toroidal states in Si-28 with spin extending to extremely high are investigated with the cranking covariant density functional theory on a 3D lattice. Thirteen toroidal states with spin I ranging from 0 to 56(sic) are obtained, and their stabilities against particle emission are studied by analyzing the density distributions and potentials. The excitation energies of the toroidal states at I = 28, 36, and 44(sic) reasonably reproduce the observed three resonances extracted from the seven-alpha de-excitation of Si-28. The possible existence of alpha clustering in these toroidal states is discussed based on alpha-localization function. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.