Journal
CHEMICAL RECORD
Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 2405-2425Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600086
Keywords
charge transfer; density functional calculations; homogeneous catalysis; Lewis acids; transition metals
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [2408]
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP15H00940]
- Japan Science and Technology Cooperation (CREST Establishment of Molecular Technology towards the Creation of New Functions Area)
- [JP15H03770]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [15K05458] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The combination of transition-metal complexes and Lewis acids has been recently applied to several catalytic reactions, in which the Lewis acid plays a crucial role as a non-innocent additive to accelerate the reaction. In this review article, the reasons for the acceleration by the Lewis acid are discussed based on our recent theoretical studies. In the H-H sigma-bond activation of a dihydrogen molecule by a nickel(0)-borane complex, the empty p orbital of the borane moiety interacts with the H-H sigma bonding MO to form charge transfer (CT) from the dihydrogen molecule to the borane moiety to accelerate the reaction. In the B-F sigma-bond activation of BF3 by a platinum(0)-bisphosphine complex, the second BF3 molecule interacts with the F atom that is dissociating from the B atom to stabilize the transition state and product by the CT from the F atom to the second BF3. In this reaction, the substrate BF3 plays a crucial role as the Lewis acid to accelerate the activation of the B-F sigma bond. In the nickel-catalyzed decyanative coupling of arylcarboxybenzonitriles with acetylenes, two molecules of the aluminum Lewis acid interact with the cyano N atom and the carbonyl O atom of the substrate to stabilize the transition state and intermediate. In the nickel-catalyzed alkylation of aromatic amides with alkenes, the Lewis acid enhances the para regioselectivity of alkylation by interacting with the carbonyl O atom. In the nickel-catalyzed carboxylation of sp(3) carbon and sp carbon atoms with carbon dioxide, not the sigma-bond activation but the insertion reaction of carbon dioxide into the metal-carbon bond is accelerated by the Lewis acid by interacting with the O atom of carbon dioxide, because the CT from the metal-carbon bond to carbon dioxide is enhanced by the interaction. This theoretical knowledge suggests that the combination of transition-metal complex and Lewis acid can broaden the application range of transition-metal complex as catalyst.
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