Nitrogen-Defective Polymeric Carbon Nitride Nanolayer Enabled Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction with High Faradaic Efficiency

Identifying highly selective catalysts and accurately measuring NH3 yield without false-positives from contaminations remain two challenges in electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Here, we report N-defective carbon nitride grown on carbon paper (CN/C) as a highly selective electrocatalyst. The NH3 yield was determined reliably by the slope of m NH3-time plot rather than averaging the accumulated amount over time. Results showed the as-synthesized CN/C-600 (synthesized at 600 degrees C) with a higher density of C=N-C N-2C vacancies achieved an NH3 production of 2.9 mu g mg(cat).(-1) h(-1) at -0.3 V (versus RHE), similar to 5.7-fold higher than CN/C-500. The Faradaic efficiency for CN/C-600 is among the highest of 62.1%, 33.9%, and 16.8% at -0.1 V, -0.2 V, and -0.3 V, respectively. The NH3 production was verified by isotope N-15(2) experiments. Further increase of N-defects on CN/C 6000 using plasma etching led to higher NH3 yield than comparably larger current, pointing to N-defects sites for promoting NRR.