Journal
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages 753-766Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0279-5
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Funding
- PennCHOP Microbiome Program [P30 AI 045008]
- Penn Center for AIDS Research [P30 AI 045008]
- NIH [R01 DK123733, R01 AG062383, R21 AI143385, R21 AI129636, R21 NS106970, 1UM1Al126620]
- Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) impact grant [109840-65-RGRL]
- Kean Family Professorship
- Philadelphia Foundation (Roberts I. Jacobs Fund)
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An emerging paradigm suggests that gut glycosylation is a key force in maintaining the homeostatic relationship between the gut and its microbiota. Nevertheless, it is unclear how gut glycosylation contributes to the HIV-associated microbial translocation and inflammation that persist despite viral suppression and contribute to the development of several comorbidities. We examined terminal ileum, right colon, and sigmoid colon biopsies from HIV-infected virally-suppressed individuals and found that gut glycomic patterns are associated with distinct microbial compositions and differential levels of chronic inflammation and HIV persistence. In particular, high levels of the pro-inflammatory hypo-sialylated T-antigen glycans and low levels of the anti-inflammatory fucosylated glycans were associated with higher abundance of glycan-degrading microbial species (in particular, Bacteroides vulgatus), a less diverse microbiome, higher levels of inflammation, and higher levels of ileum-associated HIV DNA. These findings are linked to the activation of the inflammasome-mediating eIF2 signaling pathway. Our study thus provides the first proof-of-concept evidence that a previously unappreciated factor, gut glycosylation, is a force that may impact the vicious cycle between HIV infection, microbial translocation, and chronic inflammation.
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