Journal
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 494, Issue 3, Pages 3971-3997Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa938
Keywords
galaxies: evolution; galaxies: formation; galaxies: haloes; galaxies: stellar content
Categories
Funding
- BEIS capital funding via STFC capital grants [ST/K00042X/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/R002371/1, ST/S002502/1]
- Durham University
- STFC [ST/R000832/1]
- Universite de Lyon [ANR-10-LABX-0066, ANR-11-IDEX-0007]
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [639.043.409]
- Durham consolidated grant [ST/P000541/1]
- STFC [ST/L000636/1, ST/T001550/1, ST/T001372/1, ST/T001569/1, ST/R001014/1, ST/P003400/1, ST/V002384/1, ST/V002376/1, ST/M006948/1, ST/M007073/1, ST/S003916/1, ST/R001006/1, ST/S003762/1, ST/P002293/1, ST/M007006/1, ST/M007065/1, ST/S002502/1, ST/R00689X/1, ST/K00333X/1, ST/K00042X/1, ST/R000832/1, ST/V002635/1, ST/T00049X/1, ST/M007618/1, ST/R001049/1, ST/J005673/1, ST/P000673/1, ST/R002371/1, ST/P002447/1, ST/M006530/1, ST/T001348/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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We present measurements of galactic outflow rates from the EAGLE suite of cosmological simulations. We find that gas is removed from the interstellar medium (ISM) of central galaxies with a dimensionless mass loading factor that scales approximately with circular velocity as V-c(-3/2) in the low-mass regime where stellar feedback dominates. Feedback from active galactic nuclei causes an upturn in the mass loading for halo masses >10(12)M(circle dot). We find that more gas outflows through the halo virial radius than is removed from the ISM of galaxies, particularly at low redshifts, implying substantial mass loading within the circumgalactic medium. Outflow velocities span a wide range at a given halo mass/redshift, and on average increase positively with redshift and halo mass up to M-200 similar to 10(12)M(circle dot). Outflows exhibit a bimodal flow pattern on circumgalactic scales, aligned with the galactic minor axis. We present a number of like-for-like comparisons to outflow rates from other recent cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, and show that comparing the propagation of galactic winds as a function of radius reveals substantial discrepancies between different models. Relative to some other simulations, EAGLE favours a scenario for stellar feedback where agreement with the galaxy stellar mass function is achieved by removing smaller amounts of gas from the ISM, but with galactic winds that then propagate and entrain ambient gas out to larger radii.
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