Proteomic analysis of Sporothrix schenckii cell wall reveals proteins involved in oxidative stress response induced by menadione

Sporotrichosis is an emergent subcutaneous mycosis that is a threat to both humans and other animals. Sporotrichosis is acquired by the traumatic implantation of species of the Sporothrbc genus. Added to the detoxification systems, pathogenic fungi possess different mechanisms that allow them to survive within the phagocytic cells of their human host during the oxidative burst. These mechanisms greatly depend from the cell wall (CW) since phagocytic cells recognize pathogens through specific receptors associated to the structure. To date, there are no studies addressing the modulation of the expression of S. schenckii CW proteins (CWP) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, in this work, a proteomic analysis of the CW of S. schenckii in response to the oxidative agent menadione (O-2 center dot(-)) was performed. Proteins that modulate their expression were identified which can be related to the fungal survival mechanisms within the phagocyte. Among the upregulated CWP in response to the oxidative agent, 13 proteins that could be involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress response in S. schenckii were identified. The proteins identified were thioredoxinl (Trx1), superoxide dismutase (Sod), GPI-anchored cell wall protein, beta-1,3-endoglucanase Eg1C, glycoside hydrolase (Gh), chitinase, CFEM domain protein, glycosidase crf1, covalently-linked cell wall protein (Ccw), 30 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp30), lipase, trehalase (Treh), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1) and citrate synthase (Cs). The identification of CWP that modulates their expression in response to superoxide ion (O-2 center dot(-)) in S. schenckii is a useful approach to understand how the fungus defends itself against ROS, in order to evade the phagocytic cells from the host and cause the infection.