Hybrid nanoparticle swirl flow due to presence of turbulator within a tube

The goal of the current attempt is to offer a new effective turbulator for increasing performance of a thermal system. Incorporating hybrid nanopowders makes thermal treatment better than pure base fluid. A boundary layer is destroyed with insertion of turbulator, and a greater pressure drop will be reported. As revolution of swirl flow device deteriorates, frictional resistance reduces and secondary flow becomes weaker. An inlet velocity can enhance the temperature gradient, but with the cost of a greater pressure loss. Nanoparticles can transport easier with a rise in Re and interaction with wall increases which disturbs the boundary layer.

Automated summary

Incorporating hybrid nanopowders into a turbulator can disrupt the boundary layer, improving thermal treatment but also causing a greater pressure drop. As the revolution of swirl flow device decreases, frictional resistance reduces and secondary flow weakens. An increase in inlet velocity can enhance temperature gradient but at the expense of a greater pressure loss.