Journal
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
Volume 295, Issue -, Pages 80-91Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.02.060
Keywords
Alkali-feldspar; Biomass gasification; Catalytic gas cleaning; Tars; Bed material
Categories
Funding
- E.On
- Swedish Gasification Centre (SFC)
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Gasification of biomass has strong potential for biofuels production. However, one challenge to its competitiveness is the efficient elimination of the tars present in the raw gas. The use of active bed materials in tar reforming is an appealing approach and can be employed as part of primary and/or secondary measures. Here, the activity of an alkali-feldspar [(K, Na)AlSi3O8] ore was assessed in relation to upgrading the producer gas from the Chalmers 2-4 MW indirect biomass gasifier. This material was tested in a single bubbling bed reactor previously developed for studies involving catalytic tar reforming. The bed of feldspar was fluidized with raw gas. The material was tested at three temperatures: 700 degrees C, 800 degrees C, and 900 degrees C. The results indicate that alkali-feldspar shows: (1) a high potential for the Water-Gas Shift reaction even at low temperature (H-2/CO3); (2) no reduction of the methane content in the cleaned gas and net formation of methane at 900 degrees C; (3) the elimination of most C2H2 and C3H6 already at 800 degrees C; and (4) a striking tar selectivity, which resulted in the reformed gas having exclusively pure ring-compounds. In the same reactor set-up at 800 degrees C, fresh olivine was comparatively less efficient than feldspar in reducing tar levels. At 900 degrees C, the feldspar decomposed 47% excepting benzene. Moreover, it retained, its mechanical integrity, withstood longer reducing periods (3 h), and displayed neither signs of agglomeration nor loss of activity, despite the formation of a carbon deposit. The deposits were readily removed by introducing an oxidizing atmosphere. Furthermore, the raw feldspar showed a low capacity for oxygen transport, advantageous in this application. Taken together, our results indicate that this material is clearly promising and warrants further investigations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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