Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 40, Issue 22, Pages 4418-4431Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2387-19.2020
Keywords
depression; MMP; MMP-9; parvalbumin; perineuronal net; venlafaxine
Categories
Funding
- Georgetown University
- National Institute of Mental Health [R01 MH67996, R21MH118749]
- Saudi Arabian government, Qassim University scholarship program
- NIH [T32 NS041218]
- IDeA Program of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience-COBRE [P30GM103328]
- Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office (Cleveland, Ohio)
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Emerging evidence suggests that there is a reduction in overall cortical excitatory to inhibitory balance in major depressive disorder (MDD), which afflicts similar to 14%-20% of individuals. Reduced pyramidal cell arborization occurs with stress and MDD, and may diminish excitatory neurotransmission. Enhanced deposition of perineuronal net (PNN) components also occurs with stress. Since parvalbuminexpressing intemeurons are the predominant cell population that is enveloped by PNNs, which enhance their ability to release GABA, excess PNN deposition likely increases pyramidal cell inhibition. In the present study, we investigate the potential for matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), an endopeptidase secreted in response to neuronal activity, to contribute to the antidepressant efficacy of the serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine in male mice. Chronic venlafaxine increases MMP-9 levels in murine cortex, and increases both pyramidal cell arborization and PSD-95 expression in the cortex of WT but not MMP-9-null mice. We have previously shown that venlafaxine reduces PNN deposition and increases the power of ex vivo gamma oscillations in conventionally housed mice. gamma power is increased with pyramidal cell disinhibition and with remission from MDD. Herein we observe that PNN expression is increased in a corticosterone-induced stress model of disease and reduced by venlafaxine. Compared with mice that receive concurrent venlafaxine, corticosterone-treated mice also display reduced ex vivo gamma power and impaired working memory. Autopsy-derived PFC samples show elevated MMP-9 levels in antidepressant-treated MDD patients compared with controls. These predinical and postmortem findings highlight a link between extracellular matrix regulation and MDD.
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