Journal
JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY
Volume 101, Issue 4, Pages 1177-1188Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa047
Keywords
bear conservation; disturbance ecology; habitat ecology; MaxEnt; topography; Ursidae
Categories
Funding
- Bears in Mind (Netherlands)
- Bernd Thies Foundation (Switzerland)
- Columbus Zoo and Aquarium (United States)
- EuroNatur (Germany)
- Frankfurt Zoological Society (Germany)
- International Association for Bear Research and Management (IBA)
- Nando Peretti Foundation (Italy)
- European Action Scheme for the mobility of University Students (ERASMUS) at University of Aix Marseille Univ.
- Alberta Ingenuity Fund Ph.D. Scholarship
- Alberta Conservation Association
- Claude Leon Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship at University of Cape Town
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Dens are important for species that need to survive and reproduce during harsh winters. Brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Romania, listed by the European Union as a population of concern, use dens for several months each year. To date, few quantitative assessments of denning habitat have been carried out for this population or others in Europe. In 2008-2013 and 2015-2017, we used local knowledge and telemetry data from brown bears fitted with GPS collars to identify 115 winter dens and eight open ground nests used by bears in eastern Transylvania, Romania. We located most dens in mountainous areas (64%) and fewer in foothills (36%). Den entrances in mountainous areas were significantly narrower than entrances in foothills, likely due to the need for reduced thermal loss during more severe winters at higher elevations. We selected seven habitat characteristics (abiotic and biotic) and human-related covariates associated with known locations of dens and open nests to identify potential brown bear denning habitat using maximum entropy modeling. We found that terrain ruggedness was the single most important factor when predicting bear denning habitat. The habitat map derived from this study can be used in the future to safeguard bear denning areas from potential human disturbances.
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