Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: data from a microarray data analysis

Objective Stroke is a severe complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to discover key genes and microRNAs related to stroke risk in patients with AF using bioinformatics analysis. Methods GSE66724 microarray data, including peripheral blood samples from eight patients with AF and stroke and eight patients with AF without stroke, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AF patients with and without stroke were identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was obtained using the STRING database. MicroRNAs (miRs) targeting these DEGs were obtained from the miRNet database. A miR-DEG network was constructed using Cytoscape software. Results We identified 165 DEGs (141 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Enrichment analysis showed enrichment of certain inflammatory processes. The miR-DEG network revealed key genes, including MEF2A, CAND1, PELI1, and PDCD4, and microRNAs, including miR-1, miR-1-3p, miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-192, miR-192-5p, miR-155, and miR-155-5p. Conclusion Dysregulation of certain genes and microRNAs involved in inflammation may be associated with a higher risk of stroke in patients with AF. Evaluating these biomarkers could improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of stroke in patients with AF.