Journal
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
Volume 62, Issue 10, Pages 1484-1499Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12928
Keywords
GDI; prenylation; polarity; trans-Golgi network; early endosome; vesicle trafficking
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31970332, 31771558, 31625003, 31701224, 31871422] Funding Source: Medline
- Tai-Shan Scholar Program by Shandong Provincial Government Funding Source: Medline
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Most eukaryotic cells are polarized. Common toolbox regulating cell polarization includes Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), in which spatiotemporal activation is regulated by a plethora of regulators. Rho of plants (ROPs) are the only Rho GTPases in plants. Although vesicular trafficking was hinted in the regulation of ROPs, it was unclear where vesicle-carried ROP starts, whether it is dynamically regulated, and which components participate in vesicle-mediated ROP targeting. In addition, although vesicle trafficking and guanine nucleotide inhibitor (GDI) pathways in Rho signaling have been extensively studied in yeast, it is unknown whether the two pathways interplay. Unclear are also cellular and developmental consequences of their interaction in multicellular organisms. Here, we show that the dynamic targeting of ROP through vesicles requires coat protein complex II and ADP-ribosylation factor 1-mediated post-Golgi trafficking. Trafficking of vesicle-carried ROPs between the plasma membrane and thetrans-Golgi network is mediated through adaptor protein 1 and sterol-mediated endocytosis. Finally, we show that GDI and vesicle trafficking synergistically regulate cell polarization and ROP targeting, suggesting that the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved mechanism.
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