4.4 Article

The dietary anthocyanin delphinidin prevents bone resorption by inhibiting Rankl-induced differentiation of osteoclasts in a medaka (Oryzias latipes) model of osteoporosis

Journal

JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
Volume 98, Issue 4, Pages 1018-1030

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14317

Keywords

anthocyanin; bone remodelling; delphinidin; homeostasis; medaka; osteoblast-osteoclast coupling; osteoporosis

Funding

  1. National Institute of Health (NIH) [1R21AT009452-01A1]
  2. National Research Foundation Singapore [NRF2017-NRF-ISF002-2671]
  3. Ministry of Education of Singapore [MOE2016-T2-2-086]

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In this study, the effects of the natural compound delphinidin on bone cells were investigated using a medaka osteoporosis model. Delphinidin was found to significantly reduce the number of osteoclasts and protect bone integrity in a dose-dependent manner, primarily affecting the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. The study provides new insights into the potential bone protective effects of delphinidin.
The anthocyanin delphinidin is a natural compound found as water-soluble pigment in coloured fruits and berries. Anthocyanin-rich diets have been proposed to have bone protective effects in humans and mice, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a medaka (Oryzias latipes) osteoporosis model to test the effects of delphinidin on bone cells in vivo. In this model, inducible transgenic expression of receptor-activator of NF-k beta ligand (Rankl) leads to ectopic formation of osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption, similar to the situation in human osteoporosis patients. Using live imaging in medaka bone reporter lines, we show that delphinidin significantly reduces the number of osteoclasts after Rankl induction and protects bone integrity in a dose-dependent manner. Our in vivo findings suggest that delphinidin primarily affects the de novo differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts rather than the recruitment of macrophages to sites of bone resorption. For already existing osteoclasts, delphinidin treatment affected their morphology, leading to fewer protrusions and a more spherical shape. Apoptosis rates were not increased by delphinidin, suggesting that osteoclast numbers were reduced primarily by impaired differentiation from macrophage progenitors and reduced maintenance of pre-existing osteoclasts. Importantly, and in contrast to previously reported cell culture experiments, no effect of delphinidin on osteoblast differentiation and distribution was observed in medaka in vivo. Our study is the first report on the effects of delphinidin on bone cells in fish embryos, which are a unique model system for compound testing that is suitable for live imaging of bone cell behaviour in vivo.

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