Nitrate removal from aqueous solutions by magnetic cationic hydrogel: Effect of electrostatic adsorption and mechanism

Excessive nitrate (NO3-) is among the most problematic surface water and groundwater pollutants. In this study, a type of magnetic cationic hydrogel (MCH) is employed for NO3- adsorption and well characterized herein. Its adsorption capacity is considerably pH-dependent and achieves the optimal adsorption (maximum NO3--adsorption capacity is 95.88 +/- 1.24 mg/g) when the pH level is 5.2-8.8. The fitting result using the homogeneous surface diffusion model indicates that the surface/film diffusion controls the adsorption rate, and NO3- approaches the center of MCH particles within 30 min. The diffusion coefficient (D-s) and external mass transfer coefficient (k(F)) in the liquid phase are 1.15 x 10(-6) cm(2)/ min and 4.5 x 10(-6) cm/min, respectively. The MCH is employed to treat surface water that contains 10 mg/L of NO3-, and it is found that the optimal magnetic separation time is 1.6 min. The high-efficiency mass transfer and magnetic separation of MCH during the adsorption-regeneration process favors its application in surface water treatment. Furthermore, the study of the mechanism involved reveals that both -N+(CH3)(3) groups and NO3- are convoluted in adsorption via electrostatic interactions. It is further found that ion exchange between NO3- and chlorine occurs. (C) 2020 The Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.