Journal
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
Volume 41, Issue 2, Pages 298-311Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X20910302
Keywords
4D flow MRI; Alzheimer's disease; arterial stiffness; hemodynamics; PWV
Categories
Funding
- GE Healthcare
- Alzheimer's Association
- NIH [AARFD-20-678095, P50-AG033514, R01EB027087, R01NS066982, R01AG021155]
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Clinical evidence suggests that vascular factors play a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with higher transcranial PWV observed in AD and MCI patients. Vascular changes were also found in clinically healthy middle-age adults with APOE4+ and FH+.
Clinical evidence shows vascular factors may co-occur and complicate the expression of Alzheimer's disease (AD); yet, the pathologic mechanisms and involvement of different compartments of the vascular network are not well understood. Diseases such as arteriosclerosis diminish vascular compliance and will lead to arterial stiffness, a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Arterial stiffness can be assessed using pulse wave velocity (PWV); however, this is usually done from carotid-to-femoral artery ratios. To probe the brain vasculature, intracranial PWV measures would be ideal. In this study, high temporal resolution 4D flow MRI was used to assess transcranial PWV in 160 subjects including AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), healthy controls, and healthy subjects with apolipoprotein e4 positivity (APOE4+) and parental history of AD dementia (FH+). High temporal resolution imaging was achieved by high temporal binning of retrospectively gated data using a local-low rank approach. Significantly higher transcranial PWV in AD dementia and MCI subjects was found when compared to old-age-matched controls (AD vs. old-age-matched controls: P <0.001, AD vs. MCI: P = 0.029, MCI vs. old-age-matched controls P = 0.013). Furthermore, vascular changes were found in clinically healthy middle-age adults with APOE4+ and FH+ indicating significantly higher transcranial PWV compared to controls (P <0.001).
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