Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
Volume 108, Issue 8, Pages 1607-1616Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36929
Keywords
biomimetic transformation; dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; hydroxyapatite; simulated body fluids (SBF); thermodynamic equilibria
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The metastable and stable equilibria of a precipitation in the biomimetic system Simulated Body Fluid (SBF)-CaCl2-K2HPO4-KOH-H2O were modeled in the pH region 3-7 at a Ca/P molar ratio of 1 using a thermodynamic approach. Saturation indices (SI) of the solid phases were calculated and used to prognose the salt precipitation/dissolution processes. At pH < 4, the solutions are undersaturated (SI < 0) in respect of all solid phases; co-precipitation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and hydroxyapatite (HA) occurs at pH 4 while at pH > 4 the stable phase is DCPD but the number of other co-precipitated solid phases increases. This result is associated with the increase in HPO42-, CaHPO40, and KHPO4- species in the studied solution. The phase transformations of five model DCPD-based calcium phosphate precursors in three simulated body fluids differing in their composition, to more stable octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite was thermodynamically prognosed and experimentally confirmed by kinetic studies, as well as by chemical, XRD, SEM, and IR methods.
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