4.2 Article

Amphibians on Amazonian Land-Bridge Islands are Affected More by Area Than Isolation

Journal

BIOTROPICA
Volume 47, Issue 3, Pages 369-376

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/btp.12205

Keywords

Amphibia; forest fragmentation; matrix habitat; reproductive mode; reproductive sites; species-area relationship

Categories

Funding

  1. Eletronorte
  2. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
  3. Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal em Nivel Superior (CAPES)

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River damming has created fragmented landscapes in parts of the Amazon basin. The resulting decrease in forest area could directly affect amphibian species if large areas of habitat are required to guarantee the presence of specific types of breeding sites. Here, we describe the anuran assemblages on islands created by damming of the Tocantins River twenty years ago in the eastern Amazon basin. We surveyed 10 undisturbed islands varying in size from 3 to 2140ha and located at distances of up to 6.7km from the margin of the reservoir. We identified 32 frog species, of which 15, 14, and 3 have aquatic, semiaquatic, and terrestrial development, respectively. The number of frog species increased significantly with island area but was not affected by island distance from the margin. Species with aquatic or semiaquatic development tended to be absent from the smaller islands, regardless of the degree of isolation from the mainland. These findings emphasize the need to preserve specific microhabitats on smaller land-bridge islands to maintain amphibian diversity in reservoir environments. Resumo O represamento de rios para a instalacAo de hidreletricas tem contribuido significativamente para a reducAo de areas florestadas da Bacia Amazonica. Assim, se grandes areas de florestas sAo fundamentais para a manutencAo de especificos sitios reprodutivos, entAo a fragmentacAo causada pelo represamento de rios afetara diretamente as comunidades de anfibios remanescentes. Neste estudo avaliamos as assembleias de anuros remanescentes em ilhas de florestas originadas apos o represamento do Rio Tocantins, Amazonia Oriental. Nos amostramos 10 ilhas que variaram de tres a 2140ha de area, e localizadas ate 6.7km de distancia da margem do reservatorio. Nos encontramos 32 especies de anuros, 15 com desenvolvimento direto, 14 com desenvolvimento semi-aquatico e tres com desenvolvimento terrestre. O numero de especies aumentou significativamente com a area da ilha, mas nAo foi influenciado pela distancia da margem do reservatorio. As especies com desenvolvimento aquatico ou semi-aquatico tenderam a nAo ocorrer nas ilhas menores, independente delas estarem perto ou longe da margem do reservatorio. Estes resultados tem importante implicacAo para a conservacAo e restauracAo de ilhas formadas pelo represamento de rios para a construcAo de hidreletricas, enfatizando a necessidade de se preservar ilhas menores que tenham especificos habitats ou ilhas grandes o suficiente para manter sitios reprodutivos que contribuam para a manutencAo da diversidade de anfibios nestes ambientes remanescentes.

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