Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 68, Issue 23, Pages 6439-6447Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01320
Keywords
Litchi chinensis; thaumatin-like protein; structural characterization; macrophages; pro-inflammatory activity
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31771980]
- Earmarked Fund for the China Agriculture Research System [CARS-32]
- Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City of China [201807010113]
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The objective of this study was to extract and purify proteins from the pulp tissues of litchi and evaluate their structure and pro-inflammatory activity. The results showed that a highly pure litchi protein was identified as the litchi thaumatin-like protein (LcTLP) by nano LC-MS/MS and verified by sequencing of the LcTLP gene. The molecular weight was 24 kDa, and the main secondary structure was a beta sheet (33.00 +/- 2.86%). Small-angle X-ray scattering results showed that LcTLP was a spherical particle (diameter of approximately 140 to 165 nm) with a close internal and rough surface in solution. The assay of pro-inflammatory activity in vitro revealed that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 genes reached 9.71 +/- 0.64 and 7.05 +/- 1.00 after 200 mu g/mL LcTLP stimulation, which were 7.05-fold and 9.61-fold that of the blank control, respectively. LcTLP promoted the gene expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1 beta, and it also enhanced the expression of p65, which is a key component of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. Additionally, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 increased after LcTLP stimulation.
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