Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 68, Issue 18, Pages 5241-5248Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01681
Keywords
poppy seed; opium alkaloids; morphine; codeine; thebaine; LC-MS/MS; thermal processing
Funding
- FDA HHS [U19 FD005322] Funding Source: Medline
- Intramural FDA HHS [FD999999] Funding Source: Medline
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Limited information exists on the effectiveness of potential treatments to reduce levels of opium alkaloids that may be present in seeds from poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Poppy seeds containing morphine at relatively lower (14.7 mg kg(-1)) and higher (210.0 mg kg(-1)) concentrations were subjected to dry heat and steam treatments, water washing, and baking. Sample extracts were then analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the opium alkaloids morphine, codeine, and thebaine. The results indicated that thermal treatment promoted opium alkaloid degradation in poppy seed samples, with a 50% loss of morphine observed after 30-40 min at 200 degrees C. Water washing reduced concentrations of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds by approximately 50-80%, while steam treatment resulted in reduction of morphine in only one sample type. Importantly, baking had no significant effect on concentrations of opium alkaloids. Overall, these results indicate that opium alkaloids may not be significantly affected by baking or steam application and that poppy seeds may require water washing or extended thermal treatment to promote reduction of these compounds.
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