Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
Volume 57, Issue 1, Pages 54-66Publisher
SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5035
Keywords
hepatocellular carcinoma; intrahepatic cholangio-carcinoma; combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma; biomarker; cell signaling; drug resistance
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Funding
- National Science and Technology Major Special Program of the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases such as AIDS and Viral Hepatitis [2018ZX10302205-005]
- Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research [2018-1-1151]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81672026]
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [7192084]
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Tumor biomarkers are important in the early screening, diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, recurrence and prognosis prediction of tumors. Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors; it has high incidence and mortality rates and seriously endangers human health. The main pathological types of primary liver cancer include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC). In the present review, a systematic outline of the current biomarkers of primary liver cancer is presented, from conventional blood biomarkers, histochemical biomarkers and potential biomarkers to resistance-associated biomarkers. The important relationships are deeply elucidated between biomarkers and diagnosis, prognosis, clinicopathological features and resistance, as well as their clinical significance, in patients with the three main types of primary liver cancer. Moreover, a summary of several important biomarker signaling pathways is provided, which is helpful for studying the biological mechanism of liver cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide help for clinical or medical researchers in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of HCC.
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