Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 21, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113779
Keywords
Parkinson's disease; dopa-responsive dystonia; tyrosine hydroxylase; alpha-synuclein; fatty acid-binding protein 3; ubiquitination; proteasomal degradation; ubiquitin-proteasome system
Funding
- Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED [JP18dm0107071, JP19dm0107071]
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, KAKENHI [19K07097]
- Kobayashi Foundation
- Intelligent Cosmos Academic Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [19K07097] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems govern physiological functions related to locomotion, and their dysfunction leads to movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and dopa-responsive dystonia (Segawa disease). Previous studies revealed that expression of the gene encoding nigrostriatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine biosynthesis, is reduced in Parkinson's disease and dopa-responsive dystonia; however, the mechanism of TH depletion in these disorders remains unclear. In this article, we review the molecular mechanism underlying the neurodegeneration process in dopamine-containing neurons and focus on the novel degradation pathway of TH through the ubiquitin-proteasome system to advance our understanding of the etiology of Parkinson's disease and dopa-responsive dystonia. We also introduce the relation of alpha-synuclein propagation with the loss of TH protein in Parkinson's disease as well as anticipate therapeutic targets and early diagnosis of these diseases.
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