4.7 Article

Drug Conjugation Induced Modulation of Structural and Membrane Interaction Features of Cationic Cell-Permeable Peptides

Journal

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062197

Keywords

membrane affinity; cell-penetrating peptides; circular dichroism spectroscopy; atomic force microscopy; mycolic acid; Langmuir monolayer; drug-peptide conjugates

Funding

  1. ELTE Institutional Excellence Program - Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities [NKFIH-1157-8/2019-DT]
  2. ELTE Thematic Excellence Programme - Hungarian Ministry for Innovation and Technology (SZINT+)
  3. European Union
  4. State of Hungary
  5. European Regional Development Fund [VEKOP-2.3.3-15-2017-00020, VEKOP-2.3.2-16-2017-00014]
  6. National Research Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary [2018-1.2.1-NKP-2018-00005]

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Cell-penetrating peptides might have great potential for enhancing the therapeutic effect of drug molecules against such dangerous pathogens as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes a major health problem worldwide. A set of cationic cell-penetration peptides with various hydrophobicity were selected and synthesized as drug carrier of isoniazid (INH), a first-line antibacterial agent against tuberculosis. Molecular interactions between the peptides and their INH-conjugates with cell-membrane-forming lipid layers composed of DPPC and mycolic acid (a characteristic component of Mtb cell wall) were evaluated, using the Langmuir balance technique. Secondary structure of the INH conjugates was analyzed and compared to that of the native peptides by circular dichroism spectroscopic experiments performed in aqueous and membrane mimetic environment. A correlation was found between the conjugation induced conformational and membrane affinity changes of the INH-peptide conjugates. The degree and mode of interaction were also characterized by AFM imaging of penetrated lipid layers. In vitro biological evaluation was performed with Penetratin and Transportan conjugates. Results showed similar internalization rate into EBC-1 human squamous cell carcinoma, but markedly different subcellular localization and activity on intracellular Mtb.

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