4.6 Article

On the Stability of BOLD fMRI Correlations

Journal

CEREBRAL CORTEX
Volume 27, Issue 10, Pages 4719-4732

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw265

Keywords

BOLD fMRI; dynamics; functional connectivity; nonstationarity; resting state

Categories

Funding

  1. Hope Center for Neurological Disorders Pilot Award
  2. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at Washington University [P30 HD062171, U54 HD087011]
  3. Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Pilot Grant
  4. Child Neurology Foundation Scientific Research Award
  5. NSF GRFP [DGE1143954]
  6. Dart NeuroScience LLC
  7. Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [01EV0703]
  8. LOEWE Neuronale Koordination Forschungsschwerpunkt Frankfurt
  9. [F30MH100872]
  10. [NS61144]
  11. [NS26424]
  12. [NS080675]
  13. [F30MH106253]
  14. [K01MH104592]
  15. [NS088590]
  16. [NSF-DMS1300280]
  17. Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
  18. Division Of Mathematical Sciences [1565243] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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Measurement of correlations between brain regions (functional connectivity) using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI has proven to be a powerful tool for studying the functional organization of the brain. Recently, dynamic functional connectivity has emerged as a major topic in the resting-state BOLD fMRI literature. Here, using simulations and multiple sets of empirical observations, we confirm that imposed task states can alter the correlation structure of BOLD activity. However, we find that observations of dynamic BOLD correlations during the resting state are largely explained by sampling variability. Beyond sampling variability, the largest part of observed dynamics during rest is attributable to head motion. An additional component of dynamic variability during rest is attributable to fluctuating sleep state. Thus, aside from the preceding explanatory factors, a single correlation structure-as opposed to a sequence of distinct correlation structures-may adequately describe the resting state as measured by BOLD fMRI. These results suggest that resting-state BOLD correlations do not primarily reflect moment-to-moment changes in cognitive content. Rather, resting-state BOLD correlations may predominantly reflect processes concerned with the maintenance of the long-term stability of the brain's functional organization.

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