Cyber security in New Space Analysis of threats, key enabling technologies and challenges

Developments in technologies, attitudes and investment are transforming the space environment, achieving greater accessibility for an increasing number of parties. New and proposed constellations will increase the in-orbit satellite population by the order of thousands, expanding the threat landscape of the space industry. This article analyses past satellite security threats and incidents to assess the motivations and characteristics of adversarial threats to satellites. The ground and radio frequency communications were the most favoured targets; however, the boom of satellites constellations in the upcoming years may shift this focus towards the space segment which must be addressed. Key technology advancements and open issues in the satellite industry related to security and operational requirements are also discussed.

Automated summary

The article analyzes past satellite security threats and incidents, assessing motivations and characteristics of adversarial threats to satellites, with a focus on ground and radio frequency communications as favored targets. The potential growth of satellite constellations in the future may shift the focus towards the space segment, necessitating attention to security and operational requirements in the industry.