Journal
IMMUNITY
Volume 52, Issue 6, Pages 1022-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.015
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Funding
- NIH [AI072571, AR071703, AR070591, CA232666, AI100853, AR069515, HL145997, CA009161, CA110624]
- Lupus Research Alliance
- Colton Center for Autoimmunity
- Idex Junior Chair program from Bordeaux University
- Cancer Research Institute CLIP grant
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Class-switched antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are prevalent and pathogenic in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet mechanisms of their development remain poorly understood. Humans and mice lacking secreted DNase DNASE1L3 develop rapid anti-dsDNA antibody responses and SLE-like disease. We report that anti-DNA responses in Dnase1/3(-/-) mice require CD4OL-mediated T cell help, but proceed independently of germinal center formation via short-lived antibody-forming cells (AFCs) localized to extrafollicular regions. Type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and IFN-I-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) facilitate the differentiation of DNA-reactive AFCs in vivo and in vitro and are required for downstream manifestations of autoimmunity. Moreover, the endosomal DNA sensor TLR9 promotes anti-dsDNA responses and SLE-like disease in Dnase1/3(-/-) mice redundantly with another nucleic acid-sensing receptor, TLR7. These results establish extrafollicular B cell differentiation into short-lived AFCs as a key mechanism of anti-DNA autoreactivity and reveal a major contribution of pDCs, endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and IFN-I to this pathway.
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