Journal
IMMUNITY
Volume 52, Issue 4, Pages 606-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.009
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Funding
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [KL 2963/1-1, KL 2963/2-1, SFB 873-B11]
- European Research Council [803087, 742883]
- Novo Nordic Foundation [14052]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) fellowship [F32AI124517]
- JSPS Overseas Research Fellowships
- NIH [AI074878, AI095466, AI095608, AI102942, 2P01AG032959-09]
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America
- Cure for IBD
- Rosanne H. Silberman Foundation
- European Research Council (ERC) [742883] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Two distinct subsets of ILC2s have been described: steady-state natural ILC2s and inflammatory ILC2s, which are elicited following helminth infection. However, how tissue-specific cues regulate these two subsets of ILC2s and their effector functions remains elusive. Here, we report that interleukin-33 (IL-33) promotes the generation of inflammatory ILC2s (ILC2(INFLAM)) via induction of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1). Tph1 expression was upregulated in ILC2s upon activation with IL-33 or following helminth infection in an IL-33-dependent manner. Conditional deletion of Tph1 in lymphocytes resulted in selective impairment of ILC2(INFLAM) responses and increased susceptibility to helminth infection. Further, RNA sequencing analysis revealed altered gene expression in Tph1 deficient ILC2s including inducible T cell co-stimulator (Icos). Collectively, these data reveal a previously unrecognized function for IL-33, Tph1, and ICOS in promoting inflammatory ILC2 responses and type 2 immunity at mucosal barriers.
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