PCA-based Feature Reduction for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Classification

The hyperspectral remote sensing images (HSIs) are acquired to encompass the essential information of land objects through contiguous narrow spectral wavelength bands. The classification accuracy is not often satisfactory in a cost-effective way using the entire original HSI for practical applications. To enhance the classification result of HSIs the band reduction strategies are applied which can be divided into feature extraction and feature selection methods. PCA (Principal Component Analysis), a linear unsupervised statistical transformation, is frequently adopted for the extraction of features from HSIs. In this paper, PCA and SPCA (Segmented-PCA), SSPCA (Spectrally Segmented-PCA), FPCA (Folded-PCA) and MNF (Minimum Noise Fraction) as linear variants of PCA together with KPCA (Kernel-PCA) and KECA (kernel Entropy Component Analysis) as nonlinear variants of PCA have been investigated. The top transformed features were picked out using accumulation of variance for all other feature extraction methods except for MNF and KECA. MNF uses SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) values and KECA employs Renyi quadratic entropy measurement for this purpose. The studied approaches are equated and analyzed for Indian Pine agricultural and urban Washington DC Mall HSI classification using SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier. The experiment illustrates that the costly effective and improved classification performance of the feature extraction approaches over the performance using the entire original dataset. MNF offers the highest classification accuracy and FPCA offers the least space and time complexity with satisfactory classification result.

Automated summary

This study investigates various feature extraction methods including PCA and its linear (SPCA, SSPCA, FPCA, MNF) and nonlinear (KPCA, KECA) variants, using SVM classifier for classification of Indian Pine agricultural and Washington DC Mall HSI. Results demonstrate that feature extraction methods outperform using the entire dataset, with MNF achieving the highest classification accuracy and FPCA offering the least complexity with satisfactory classification results.