Localization in 3GPP LTE Based on One RTT and One TDOA Observation

We study the fundamental problem of fusing one round trip time (RTT) observation associated with a serving base station with one time-difference of arrival (TDOA) observation associated to the serving base station and a neighbor base station to localize a 2-D mobile station (MS). This situation can arise in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) when the number of reported cells of the mobile station is reduced to a minimum in order to minimize the signaling costs and to support a large number of devices. The studied problem corresponds geometrically to computing the intersection of a circle with a hyperbola, both with measurement uncertainty, which generally has two equally likely solutions. We derive an analytical representation of these two solutions that fits a filter bank framework that can keep track of different hypothesis until potential ambiguities have been resolved. Further, a performance bound for the filter bank is derived. The proposed filter bank is first evaluated in a simulated scenario, where the set of serving and neighbor base stations is changing in a challenging way. The filter bank is then evaluated on real data from a field test, where the result shows a precision better than 40 m 95% of the time.