Planar Resonant Blazed Gratings From a Circuit Model Standpoint

The equivalent circuit approach (ECA) is used in this work to analyze and design a previously proposed one-dimensional planar blazed grating of the resonant type. The analysis covers both the classical Littrow configuration, when the direction of the relevant diffracted order coincides with that of the incident wave (Bragg blazing), and when these directions are different (off-Bragg blazing). Once the scattering problem of the grating structure is posed as a discontinuity problem inside an equivalent generalized waveguide (corresponding to the unit cell of the original structure) and studied in terms of its equivalent circuit network, the possibility of transferring all the power of the incident plane wave into one single-diffraction order is seen as a simple impedance matching problem. An associated resonance phenomenon is also found to be implicitly associated with this matching condition. This simplifying and fruitful standpoint makes it possible to set up a systematic design procedure to find the specifications of the planar grating for either Bragg or non-Bragg blazing operation. Dielectric and strong skin-effect ohmic losses are easily implemented in the ECA and its effects in the practical design of structures are discussed.