Journal
FUEL
Volume 268, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117408
Keywords
Biodiesel; Fatty acid fusel esters; Fusel alcohols; Lipase; Cetane number; Low-temperature properties
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Bioenergy Technologies Office
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office
- U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-NA0003525]
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We demonstrated production of a superior performance biodiesel referred to here as fatty acid fusel alcohol esters (FAFE) - by reacting fusel alcohols (isobutanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and (S)-(-)-2-methyl-1-butanol) with oil (glyceryl trioleate) using lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. Reaction conditions corresponding to a molar ratio of 5:1 (fusel alcohols to oil), enzyme loading of 2% w/w, reaction temperature of 35 degrees C, shaking speed of 250 rpm, and reaction time of 24 h achieved > 97% conversion to FAFE. Further, FAFE obtained from reacting a fusel alcohol mixture with corn oil were evaluated for use as a fuel for diesel engines. FAFE mixtures showed superior combustion and cold-flow properties, with the derived cetane numbers up to 4.8 points higher, cloud points up to -6 degrees C lower, and the heat of combustion up to 2.1% higher than the corresponding FAME samples, depending on the fusel mixture used. This represents a significant improvement for all three metrics, which are typically anti-correlated. FAFE provides a new opportunity for expanded usage of biodiesel by addressing feedstock limitations, fuel performance, and low temperature tolerance.
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