Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 150, Issue -, Pages 75-86Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.010
Keywords
Advanced glycation end-product; Geographic atrophy; Retinal pigmented epithelium; Glycemic index; Antioxidant
Funding
- Boston Nutrition Obesity Research Center (BNORC)
- NIH [RO1EY021212, RO1EY028559, RO1EY026979]
- USDA NIFA [2016-08885]
- USDA [8050-51000-089-01S]
- Thome Memorial Foundation
- BrightFocus Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81760177]
- Stanley N. Gershoff scholarship
- U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (ARS) [58-1950-4-003]
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major blinding disease, affecting over 14% of the elderly. Risk for AMD is related to age, diet, environment, and genetics. Dietary modulation of AMD risk is a promising treatment modality, but requires appropriate animal models to demonstrate advantages of diet. Mice lacking the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 (Nfe2l2) develop age-related retinopathy relevant to human AMD. Here we evaluated the effect of consuming high glycemic (HG) or low glycemic (LG) diets until 18-months of age on development of features relevant to AMD in Nrf2-null mice. Nrf2-null mice that consumed HG diets developed atrophic AMD, characterized by photoreceptor degeneration, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy and pigmentary abnormalities, basal laminar deposits, and loss of the choriocapillaris. In contrast, Nrf2-null-mice that consumed LG diets did not develop retinal disease phenotypes. Consumption of HG diets was associated with accumulation of advanced glycation end-products in the RPE and systemically, whereas consumption of the LG diet was associated with increased levels of anti-glycative and anti-oxidative detoxification machinery. Together our data indicate that the Nrf2-null HG mouse is a good model for atrophic AMD studies and that the LG diet can activate protective pathways to prevent AMD, even in a genetically predisposed animal.
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