Journal
CELLULOSE
Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 2389-2407Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s10570-016-0963-5
Keywords
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs); Formic acid hydrolysis; FeCl3 catalysis; Cationic modification; Renewable resources
Funding
- National Natural Science foundation of China [21306216, 31170541, 31470609, 21433001]
- Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City [13JCZDJC29400, 13JCZDJC33700]
- Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholar (China) [JQ201305]
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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can be used as building blocks for the production of many renewable and sustainable nanomaterials. In this work, CNCs were produced from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp with a high yield over 75 % via FeCl3-catalyzed formic acid (FA) hydrolysis process. It was found that the particle size of resultant CNC products (F-CNC) decreased with the increase of FeCl3 dosage in FA hydrolysis, and a maximum crystallinity index of about 75 % could be achieved when the dose of FeCl3 was 0.015 M (i.e. about 7 % based on the weight of starting material). Thermogravimetric analyses revealed that F-CNC exhibited a much higher thermal stability (the decomposition temperature was over 260 A degrees C) than S-CNC prepared by typical sulfuric acid hydrolysis. In the FeCl3-catalyzed FA hydrolysis process, FA could be easily recovered and reused, and FeCl3 could be transferred to Fe(OH)(3) as a high value-added product. Thus, the FeCl3-catalyzed FA hydrolysis process could be sustainable and economically feasible. In addition, F-CNC could be well dispersed in DMSO and its dispersibility in water could be improved by a cationic surface modification.
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