Influence of initial pH on the production of volatile fatty acids and hydrogen during dark fermentation of kitchen waste

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of initial pH on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and hydrogen (H-2) in the dark fermentation processes of kitchen waste. The study was conducted in batch bioreactors of working volume 1 L for different initial pH in the range from 5.5 to 9.0. The dark fermentation processes were carried out for 4 days at 37 degrees C. Initial organic load of the kitchen waste in all bioreactors amounted to 25.5 gVS/L. Buffering of pH during the fermentation process was carried out with the use of ammonia contained mainly in digested sludge. The optimal conditions for the production of VFA and H-2 were achieved at the initial pH of 8. Production of VFA and H-2 in these conditions was, respectively, 13.9 g/L and 72.4 mL/gVS. The main produced components of VFA were acetic and butyric acids. The production of ethanol and lactic acid was at very low levels due to the high ratio of the volatile fatty acids to total organic content of 0.86. With the optimal initial pH of 8 the yield of CO2 production was 0.30 gC/gC. High initial pH value (above 8) extended the lag phase duration in the course of H-2 production. The dominant groups of micro-organisms at the most favourable initial pH of 8 for the production of VFA and H-2 were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Waste Water of Evry 1 (WWE1) at the phylum level.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effect of initial pH on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and hydrogen (H-2) in dark fermentation processes of kitchen waste. The optimal conditions for VFA and H-2 production were achieved at an initial pH of 8, with significant amounts of acetic and butyric acids produced. Ethanol and lactic acid production were low due to the high ratio of volatile fatty acids. High initial pH values extended the lag phase during H-2 production. Dominant microorganism groups at pH 8 were identified as Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and Waste Water of Evry 1 (WWE1) at the phylum level.