Journal
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 73, Issue 10, Pages 2041-2051Publisher
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2167-4
Keywords
Th17; Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE); Multiple sclerosis (MS); MicroRNA therapeutics; Immune tolerance; Dendritic cells; miR-155; miR-21; miR-146a
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Funding
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG 4904A2/1]
- Harvard NeuroDiscovery Center
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MicroRNAs are a class of evolutionarily conserved, short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally modulate the expression of multiple target genes. They are implicated in almost every biological process, including pathways involved in immune homeostasis, such as immune cell development, central and peripheral tolerance, and T helper cell differentiation. Alterations in miRNA expression and function can lead to major dysfunction of the immune system and mediate susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self-antigens and the gain or loss of miRNA functions on tissue inflammation and autoimmunity.
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